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Medicinal Mushrooms - Readings and References

Fungi, Medicine & Good Health - Nutraceuticals
Cordyceps, Grifola, Maitake, Lentinula, Shiitake, Ganoderma, Reishi, Ling Zhi, Tremella, Silver Ear, Pleurotus
Are They Effective Against Hepatitis, Cancer, AIDS, Colds & Flu and Help Promote Good Health & Libido?

"War," said Faust, "is universal - so implicit in nature that, indeed, without it life would not be possible. You doubt me?. I assure you that even fungi fight wars, in the soil beneath your feet. They battle each other for territory, for dominance, for room to grow. Which ancient combat has been going on so long that the fungi have learned to create weapons. This golden dew is one such, a chemical poison lethal to its rivals. By good fortune it is also lethal to our enemy."

From: Jack Faust. by Swanwick, Michael. Avon Books, 1997.

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Informative & Popular Articles on Mushrooms & Health:

  1. Click Here for: Mushrooms and Health - On Line Article
  2. Chang R, 1996. Functional properties of edible mushrooms. Nutr Rev 54(11), S91-S93
  3. Chilton, J. 1993. What are the health benefits of mushrooms? Let's Live, Dec., pp. 24-29.
  4. Dharmananda, S., 1988. Medicinal Mushrooms. Bestways Magazine, July, pp. 54-58.
  5. Hobbs, C. 1997. Overcoming Chronic Fatigue (Traditional remedies for a modern disease). Veggie Life, Jan. Vol 5: #5, pp. 56-59.
  6. Jones, 1997. An ancient Chinese secret promotes longevity and endurance. Healthy & Natural Journal, vol. 3, issue 3, pp. 90-93.
  7. Law, David, 1996. Fungi as a platform for new medicine. Mushroom World, December, 1996.
  8. McDougall, H. 1998. Detoxification. Veggie Life, March, pp 30 - 35.
  9. Mohammed, Gina, 2012.   Boost Your Immunity with Gourmet Mushrooms - Shiitake, Maitake and Reishi pack potent disease-fighting compounds.  The Herb Companion   August/September 2012
  10. Smith, C. 1994. Gold medal herbs. Natural Health May/June, pp. 85-87
  11. Smith, J,., Rowan, N., Sullivan, R. 2001.  Medicinal mushrooms: their therapeutic properties and current medical usage with special emphasis on cancer treatments.  Click Here for monograph.
  12. Shirota, M, 1996. What You Should Know About Medicinal Mushrooms. Explore! vol. 7, issue 2, pp. 48-52.
  13. Stanislaus, C., 1996. Ling zhi- medicine of kings. New Editions Health World, pp. 38-41.
  14. Steinman, D., 1995. Potent protectors. Natural Health, Nov-Dec. pp. 92-95; 134-135.
  15. Weil, A. 1993. Boost immunity with mushrooms. Natural Health, May-June, pp. 12-16.
  16. Wiley, C. 1991. The medicinal side of mushrooms. Vegetarian Times, March 1991.

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Some Research Papers on Mushrooms and Health

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  1. Adachi, K., Nanba, H., Otsuka, M., and Kuroda, H. 1988. Blood Pressure Lowering Activity Present in the Fruit Body of Grifola frondosa (Maitake), Chem. Phann. Bull. 36:1000-1006.
  2. Adachi, K., Nanba, H., and Kuroda, H. 1987. Potentiation of Host-Mediated Antitumor Activity in Mice by Beta-glucan Obtained from Grifola frondosa (Maitake), Chem. Pharm. Bull. 35;262-270.
  3. Adavkaverg, J.E. & R.L. Gilbertson, 1986. Mycologia 78: 694-705
  4. ___, 1987. Vegetative incompatibility between intraspecfic pairings of Ganoderma lucidium
  5. Akiyama, Y. et al. 1981. Immunological characteristics of anti-tumor polysaccharides lentinan and its analogues, as immune adjuvants. In Manipulation of Host Defense Mechanisms, Aoki, T. et al. (eds.). Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica (International Congress Series 576).
  6. Akramiene D, Kondrotas A, Didziapetriene J, Kevelaitis E.   Effects of beta-glucans on the immune system.  Medicina (Kaunas). 2007;43(8):597-606. Review.
  7. Aoki T. et al. 1984. Antibodies to HTLV-1 and HTLV-3 in from Two Japanese Patients: One possible Pre-A.I.D.S. Lancet 2:936.
  8. Amagase H. et al. 1984. L.E.M. May be Effective Against Treating Hepatitis B Cases. Abstr. 197 Gastroenterology World Congress, Lisbon
  9. Antoniou L.D., et al. 1977. Reversal of Uraemic Impotence by Zinc. Lancet 2:895-98
  10. Aoki T. Et al. 1984. Antibodies to HTLV-1 and HTLV-3 in Sera from Two Japanese Patients:One with possible Pre-A.I.D.S. Lancet 2:936
  11. Aoki T., 1987. Low natural killer syndrome: clinical and immunological features. Nat. Immun.Cell Growth Regul. 6(3), 116-128.
  12. Aoki T, 1987. Low natural killer syndrome: clinical and immunologic features. Nat Immun Cell Growth Regul 6(3), 116-128
  13. Arinaga S, 1992. Enhanced induction of lymphokine-activated killer activity after lentinan administration in patients with gastric carcinoma. Int J Immunopharmacol 14(4), 535-53
  14. Arinaga S, 1992. Enhanced production of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor by peripheral monocytes after lentinan administration in patients with gastric carcinoma. Int J Immunopharmacol 14(1), 43-47
  15. Arinaga S., 1992. Enhanced induction of lymphokine-activated killer after lentinan adminstrationin patients with gastric carcinoma. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 14(4), 535-53.
  16. Balon TW, Jasman AP, Zhu JS. A fermentation product of Cordyceps sinensis increases whole-body insulin sensitivity in rats. J Altern Complement Med. 2002 Jun;8(3):315-23.
  17. Bankhead, C., 1999. Mushrooms may play role in breast cancer prevention and treatment. Medicine Science News Dec. 10.
  18. Bao X, Fang J, Li X. Structural characterization and immunomodulating activity of a complex glucan from spores of Ganoderma lucidum. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2001 Nov;65(11):2384-91.
  19. Bernardshaw S, Lyberg T, Hetland G, Johnson E.   Effect of an extract of the mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill on expression of adhesion molecules and production of reactive oxygen species in monocytes and granulocytes in human whole blood ex vivo.  APMIS. 2007 Jun;115(6):719-25.
  20. Brauer D, Kimmons T, Phillips M. Effects of management on the yield and high-molecular-weight polysaccharide content of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) mushrooms. J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Sep 11;50(19):5333-7.
  21. Benedict, RG & LR Brady. 1972. Antimicrobial activity of mushroom metabolites. J. Pharm. Sci. 61: 1820-1822.
  22. Bernardshaw S, Johnson E, Hetland G.   An extract of the mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill administered orally protects against systemic Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice.  Scand J Immunol. 2005 Oct;62(4):393-8.
  23. Bobek P, 1991. Cholesterol-lowering effect of the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus in hereditary hypercholesterolemic rats. Ann Nutr Metab 35(4), 191-19
  24. Bobek, P., O.Ozidin & M. Mikus, 1995. Dietary oyster mushroom (Pleurotus osteatus) accelerates plasma turnover in hypercholesterolaemic rat. Physiological Research 44(5):287-291.
  25. Bobek, P., L. Ozidin & S. Galbavy, 1998. Dose and time-dependent hypercholesterolemic effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostereatus) in rats. Nutrition March 14(3): 282-286.
  26. Bok JW, et al. 1999. Antitumor sterols from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis. Phytochemistry. Aug;51(7):891-8.
  27. Borchers AT, et al. 1999. Mushrooms, tumors, and immunity. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. Sep;221(4):281-93. Review.
  28. Borchers AT, Keen CL, Gershwin ME.   Mushrooms, tumors, and immunity: an update.  Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2004 May;229(5):393-406. Review.
  29. Borchers AT, Krishnamurthy A, Keen CL, Meyers FJ, Gershwin ME. The immunobiology of mushrooms. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2012 Mar;233(3):259-76.
  30. Breene W. M. 1989. Nutritional & Medicinal Value of Exotic Mushrooms. Shiitake Mushrooms. The Proceeding of a National Symposium & Trade Show University of Minnesota 100-102
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  34. Chan WK, Law HK, Lin ZB, Lau YL, Chan GC.   Response of human dendritic cells to different immunomodulatory polysaccharides derived from mushroom and barley. Int Immunol. 2007 Jul;19(7):891-9. Epub 2007 Jul 2.
  35. Chan Y, Chang T, Chan CH, Yeh YC, Chen CW, Shieh B, Li C.   Immunomodulatory effects of Agaricus blazei Murill in Balb/cByJ mice.  J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2007 Jun;40(3):201-8.
  36. Chang, R. 1993. Limitations and Potential applications of Ganoderma and related fungal polyglycans in clinical ontology; First International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom products: 96
  37. Chang, R. 1994. Effective dose of ganoderma in humans. In Proc. Contributed Symposium 59A, B. 5th Intl. Mycol. Congr., Buchanan PK, Hseu RS and Moncalvo JM (eds), Taipei, p. 101-13.
  38. Chang, R. 1996. The Central Importance of the beta-glucan receptor as the basis of immunologic bioactivity of ganoderma polysaccharides, In Reishi, Mizuno T, Kim BK (eds), II Yang Press, Seoul, p.177-9
  39. Chang, R. Y. 1996. Potential Application of Ganoderma Polysaccharides in the Immune Surveillance and Chemoprevention of Cancer. 153-160 In: Royse, D.J. (ed). 1996. Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products. Proceedings of the Second International Congress.
  40. Chang, S.T. and Bushwell, J. A. 1996 Mushroom Nutraceuticals.  World Jour  Micro Biotechnology.  12, 473-476.
  41. Cheng HH, Hou WC, Lu ML. Interactions of lipid metabolism and intestinal physiology with Tremella fuciformis Berk edible mushroom in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet with or without Nebacitin. J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Dec 4;50(25):7438-43.
  42. Cheng Q, 1992. Effect of cordyceps sinensis on cellular immunity in rats with chronic renal insufficiency Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taipei) 72(1), 27-29
  43. Chen, A. W., 1997. Topical Use of Ganoderma Mushrooms. The Mushroom Growers Newsletter V (11), March 1997.
  44. Chen, J & R Jiang. 1980. A pharmacognostical study of the Chinese drug Lingzhi (Ganoderma). Acta. Pharm. Sin. 15:244
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  47. Chen WC, 1995. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum and krestin on cellular immunocompetence in gamma-ray-irradiated mice. Am J Chin Med 23(1), 71-80
  48. Chen YJ, 1997. Effect of Cordyceps sinensis on the proliferation and differentiation of human leukemic U937 cells. Life Sci 60(25), 2349-2359 (1997)
  49. Cheng Q, 1992. Effect of cordyceps sinensis on cellular immunity in rats with chronic renal insufficiency. Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taipei) 72(1), 27-29
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  51. Chihara G, 1969. Study on the antineoplastic activity and analysis of active fractions of Polyporaceae, Lentinus edodes and other basidiomycetes. Nippon Rinsho 27(6), 1739-174
  52. Chihara G, 1970. Antitumor polysaccharides, lentinan and pachymaran. Saishin Igaku 25(5), 1043-1048
  53. Chihara G, et. al. 1970. Fractionation and purification of the polysaccharides with marked antitumor activity, especially lentinan, from Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. (an edible mushroom). Cancer Res 30(11), 2776-278
  54. Chihara G, 1987. Antitumor and metastasis-inhibitory activities of lentinan as an immunomodulator: an overview. Cancer Detect Prev Suppl 1, 423-443
  55. Chiu JH, et al.1998. Cordyceps sinensis increases the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens on human hepatoma cell line HA22T/VGH cells. Am J Chin Med. 1998;26(2):159-70.
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  59. Currie CR, Wong B, Stuart AE, Schultz TR, Rehner SA, Mueller UG, Sung GH, Spatafora JW, Straus NA. Ancient tripartite coevolution in the attine ant-microbe symbiosis. Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):386-8.
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  64. deVere White RW, Hackman RM, Soares SE, Beckett LA, Sun B. Effects of a mushroom mycelium extract on the treatment of prostate cancer. Urology. 2002 Oct;60(4):640-4.
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  66. Diniz RO, Garla LK, Schneedorf JM, Carvalho JC.
     Study of anti-inflammatory activity of Tibetan mushroom, a symbiotic culture of bacteria and fungi encapsulated into a polysaccharide matrix. Pharmacol Res. 2003 Jan;47(1):49-52.
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  72. Fang N, Li Q, Yu S, Zhang J, He L, Ronis MJ, Badger TM.  Inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cell lines by an
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  73. Fehser J. et al. 1989. The Effect of Lentinan on Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme Activity in Vitro. Immunopharmocal. (Immunotoxical.) 11(1):55-61
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  82. Gao, B. and G. Yang. 1991. Effects of Ganoderm planatum polysaccharide on cellular and humoral iImunity in normal and sarcoma 180 transplanted mice. Phythother. Res. 5:134- 138. From CA 115:85011v.
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  406. Zhang Y, Mills GL, Nair MG. Cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant compounds from the mycelia of the edible mushroom Grifola frondosa. J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Dec 18;50(26):7581-5.
  407. Zhao CS, Yin WT, Wang JY, Zhang Y, Yu H, Cooper R, Smidt C, Zhu JS. CordyMax Cs-4 improves glucose metabolism and increases insulin sensitivity in normal rats. J Altern Complement Med. 2002 Jun;8(3):309-14.
  408. Zhao Y, 1991. Inhibitory effects of alcoholic extract of Cordyceps sinensis on abdominal aortic thrombus formation in rabbits. Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taipei) 71(11), 612-615
  409. Zhao X, 1993. Cordyceps sinensis in protection of the kidney from cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity. Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih 73(7), 410-41
  410. Zhen F, 1992. Mechanisms and therapeutic effect of Cordyceps sinensis (CS) on aminoglycoside induced acute renal failure (ARF) in rats. Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 12(5), 288-29
  411. Zhou L, 1990. Short-term curative effect of cultured Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. Mycelia in chronic hepatitis B. Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih 15(1), 53-55
  412. Zhou X, Lin J, Yin Y, Zhao J, Sun X, Tang K.   Ganodermataceae: natural products and their related pharmacological functions.  Am J Chin Med.  2007;35(4):559-74. Review.
  413. Zhu JS, et al. 1999. The scientific rediscovery of a precious ancient Chinese herbal regimen: Cordyceps sinensis: part II. J Altern Complement Med. 1998 Winter;4(4):429-57.
  414. Zhu M, et al. 1999. Triterpene antioxidants from ganoderma lucidum. Phytother Res. Sep;13(6):529-31.


Health, Herb, Mushrooms posters

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Medicinal Mushrooms Posters

A Few Books on Nutraceuticals and the Medicinal Properties of Mushrooms

  1. Arora, David. 2000. Medicinal Mushrooms: 24" X 36" Poster
  2. Chang, S.-t., J. Buswell & S-w. Chiu (eds). 1993. Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products. Proceedings of the First international Congress. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press. 370 pg.
  3. Hobbs, C., 1995. Medicinal Mushrooms: an Exploration of Tradition, Healing and Culture. Botanica Press. 252 pg.
  4. Jones, K., 1995. Shiitake: The Healing Mushroom. Healing Arts Press.
  5. Jones, K., 1997. Cordyceps: Tonic Food of Ancient China. Sylvan Press.
  6. Lee, W. & H & J.A. Friedrich, 1997. Medicinal Benefits of Mushrooms. Keats Publishing.
  7. Mondoa M.D., E. & Kitei, M. 2001. Sugars That Heal. Ballantine Publishing. 288 pg.
  8. Robert Rogers. 2006 The Fungal Pharmacy: Medicinal Mushrooms of Western Canada.  Prairie Deva Press, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; 2006. Paperback; 234 pages.
  9. Royse, D.J. (ed). 1996. Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products. Proceedings of the Second International Congress. PennState Univ Press. 581 pg.
  10. Stamets, P. 1993. Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms by Paul Stamets. Cultivation techniques and growth requirements for 25 types of mushrooms.
  11.  Shu-Ting Chang, Philip G Miles CRC Press 2004 ...Mushrooms: Cultivation, Nutritional Value, Medicinal Effect, and Environmental Impact, Second Edition.
  12. Wagner, H. and Proksch, A., 1985. Immunostimulatory Drugs of Fungi and Higher Plants, Ecorpomic and Medical Plant Research, Academic Press, New York.
  13. Wasser SP, Weis AL. Medicinal Mushrooms. Shiitake mushroom [Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing.]. Nevo E (editor). Haifa, Israel: Peledfus House Publishing; 1997: 95.

Click Here - for Mushrooms and Health - On Line Information

Some TCM and Modern Uses of Mushrooms*
Mushroom/
Uses
Cordyceps
sinensis
Lentinula
edodes
Shiitake
Ganoderma
lucidium
Reishi
Grifola
frondosa
Maitake
Tremella
fuciformis
Silver-Ear
Poria
cocos
Hoelen
Anti-Viral
+
+
+
-
-
+
Anti-Tumor
+
+
+
+
+
+
Immune Enhancer
+
+
+
+
+
+
Anti-inflammatory
-
-
+
-
+
-
Blood Pressure
+
+
+
+
+
-
Cardio-Vascular
+
+
+
-
+
-
Lower Cholesterol
+
+
+
-
+
-
Increase Libido
+
+
-
-
-
-
Kidney Tonic
+
-
+
-
-
-
Asthma / Bronchial
+
-
+
-
+
-
Stress Reduction
+
-
+
-
-
-
Diabetes
-
-
-
+
+
-
Liver / Hepatitis
+
+
+
+
+
+
Chitin
+
+
+
+
+
+

*This table has not been evaluated by a Health Professional or Practitioner. It is merely a casual summary the results suggested by the references listed above and does not constitute claims for any product.

Always consult a health care practitioner before taking any substance or supplement for medicinal purposes.

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A Positive Approach to Health & Wellness

GMHP Health Products

A Contemporary Source of Alleged Ancient Healing
Synergistic Formulations - Single Mushroom Extracts

Nutraceuticals for Good Nutrition from Natural Herbs and Organically Grown Mushrooms

Information contained within the above web site often alludes to the health and medicinal benefits of mushrooms suggested by recent scientific research and their use in Traditional Chinese Medicine; it does not constitute claims for any product. This information has not been evaluated by a Health Professional or Practitioner. Some of the information presented is based on the references listed above.

GMHP, P. O. Box 515, Graton, CA 95444

Fax: (707) 823-9091

E-mail admin@gmushrooms.com

 


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From the Preface... Alternative Medicine: Expanding Medical Horizons (NIH). 1994. Brian M. Berman, M.D.& David B. Larson, M.D., M.P.H., U.S Government Printing Office #017-040-00537-7.

"Unfortunately, this debate has failed to take into account the fact that the current health care crisis is primarily a crisis of chronic disease. Today almost 33 million Americans are functionally limited in their daily activities by chronic, debilitating conditions such as arthritis, allergies, pain, hypertension, cancer, depression, cardiovascular disease, and digestive problems. More than 9 million, or almost one-third, of these individuals have limitations so severe that they cannot work, attend school, or maintain a household. The U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) estimates that 70 percent of the current health care budget is spent on the treatment of these individuals; as the population grows older, such conditions will continue to consume an even larger proportion of national health care expenditures. Furthermore, the worldwide pandemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is threatening to completely overwhelm the health care delivery systems in certain areas of the United States."

"While the dominant system of health care in the United States---often called "conventional medicine," or biomedicine---is extremely effective for treating infectious diseases and traumatic injuries, it is often ill equipped to handle complex, multifaceted chronic conditions. One reason is that over the years, conventional medicine has increasingly emphasized finding a single "magic bullet" solution for each condition or disease it confronts. The reality is that many chronic conditions are not amenable to such one-dimensional solutions."

"Rather, such complex conditions require equally multifaceted treatment approaches. Furthermore, it is far less expensive to prevent them from occurring in the first place than to attempt to treat the symptoms and consequences with surgery and expensive drugs, which often offer only short-term solutions..."

"Thus, for health care reform truly to succeed at reducing costs and increasing access, disease prevention must be the ultimate focus of the primary health care system rather than disease treatment. This change in emphasis can be accomplished only by restructuring the current system so that people learn that they are far better off staying healthy than relying on high technology to rescue them from a lifetime of unhealthy living. In addition, to care adequately and cost-effectively for those who already have chronic illnesses, health care reform must incorporate multifaceted approaches to the treatment of these patients, approaches that control the symptoms while alleviating the underlying causes."

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References Compiled by: James Malachowski - Mycologist & Webmaster

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